Through coordinated modeling and management efforts, we study "Innovations in the Food-Energy-Water Nexus (INFEWS)" through a case-study in the Columbia River Basin. In the face of climate change and multi-scalar governance objectives, achieving resilience of food-energy-water (FEW) systems requires interdisciplinary approaches. Incorporating Social System Dynamics into the Food-Energy-Water System Resilience-Sustainability Modeling Process The objectives of this work are to: (1 highlight the importance of understanding the place of culture within social-ecological systems, (2 explore the tensions between empirical and normative positions in the analysis of social-ecological resilience, and (3 suggest how empirical modeling of social-ecological systems can synergistically interact with normative aspects of livelihoods and lifeways. Furthermore, the adoption of biophysically resilient livelihoods can occur under conditions that are subjectively experienced as the radical transformation of cultural systems. The fact that changes in the biophysical system can be culturally constructed in different ways means that the perception and pursuit of adaptive pathways can be highly variable. However, the tendency for modeling to focus on the mechanistic materiality of biophysical systems obscures the diversity of performative social behaviors and normative cultural positions of actors within the modeled system. Of Models and Meanings: Cultural Resilience in Social-Ecological Systemsĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Modeling has emerged as a key technology in analysis of social-ecological systems.
Since unilateral links are much cheaper, the hybrid attack will be a great threat to model-based social recommender systems.
Last but not the least, the findings suggest that spammers do not depend on the feedback links from normal users to become more powerful, the unilateral links can make the hybrid attack effective enough. In addition, users and items with fewer ratings will be influenced more when attacked. The experimental results show that, the hybrid attack is more destructive than the rating attack in most cases. Furtherly, we explore the impact of the hybrid attack on model-based social recommender systems in multiple aspects. In this paper, we present a certain novel attack, which inherits characteristics of the rating attack and the relation attack, and term it hybrid attack. However, because of the open nature of rating systems and social networks, the social recommender systems are susceptible to malicious attacks.
With the growing popularity of the online social platform, the social network based approaches to recommendation emerged. Yu, Junliang Gao, Min Rong, Wenge Li, Wentao Xiong, Qingyu Wen, Junhao Hybrid attacks on model-based social recommender systems
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